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Neidhart von Reuental (Middle High German: ''Nîthart von Riuwental''; also ''Her Nîthart''; possibly born c. 1190 – died after 1236 or 1237)〔Dates given in ''New Grove''〕 was one of the most famous German minnesingers. He was probably active in the Duchy of Bavaria and then is known to have been a singer at the court of Duke Frederick II of Austria in Vienna. As a minnesinger he was most active from 1210 to at least 1236. Neidhart is very well known for being rather sarcastic and comical. More melodies survive by him than from any other minnesinger. ==Life and work== He was mentioned in a passage of Wolfram von Eschenbach's ''Willehalm'' poem written before 1217, when Neidhart had already achieved a certain degree of fame. His name is most likely an allegorical pseudonym, for its meaning is more or less ''Grim-Heart of Lament-Valley''. The second part of his name, however, was "reconstructed" by philologists of the 19th century, who took literally the role of the "speaker," who calls himself "von Reuental" in his poems, and thus combined it with the author's name, which was simply "Nîthart". All manuscript sources until the 15th century refer to him only as "Nithart". His earlier poetry referred to places in the Bavarian and Salzburg region, while later he called the Austrian duke Frederick II his patron. He mentions a residence at Lengbach near Tulln, west of Vienna. His tomb, probably erected at the behest of Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (1339–1365), is preserved on the south side of St. Stephen's Cathedral. Neidhart's poetry was handed down by the ''Codex Buranus'' and other medieval song manuscripts (''Liederhandschriften'') such as the ''Codex Manesse''. His songs about the dreary rural life often stand in harsh contrast to the normal minnesinger topic, courtly or romantic love. His style has been referred to as ''Höfische Dorfpoesie'' (courtly village-poetry) by philologist Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) and was often imitated by composers called ''pseudo-Neidharts''. Probably his best-known song is ''Meienzît'' (''May Time'') in which Neidhart starts by describing a peaceful spring scenario but quickly comes to insulting his foes (and several friends and allies who betrayed him). Perpetuated as ''Neithart Fuchs'' by later generations, he remained a popular character well into the early modern period; several farces based on his life and poetry are among the oldest profane dramas in Germany. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neidhart von Reuental」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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